The Conceptual Meaning of An-Nahr (River) in the Qur’an A Semantic Analysis Based on Toshihiko Izutsu’s Qur’anic Worldview

Abstract

This study examines the conceptual meaning of the Qur’anic term an-nahr (river) using Toshihiko Izutsu’s semantic framework. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical design, the research analyzes Qur’anic verses containing an-nahr to identify its core meaning, relational meanings, synchronic and diachronic dimensions, and its role within the Qur’anic worldview. Primary data consist of relevant Qur’anic verses, while secondary data include classical and contemporary Qur’anic exegesis, Arabic lexicographical works, and scholarly literature on Qur’anic semantics. Data were collected through library research and analyzed through systematic stages: identification of core meaning, analysis of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, synchronic-diachronic examination, and integrative conceptual interpretation. The findings reveal that an-nahr fundamentally denotes a continuously flowing body of water, which in the Qur’anic context expands into a symbol of divine mercy, sustenance, life, cosmic balance, and eschatological reward. Relationally, an-nahr is closely connected with key Qur’anic concepts such as water (al-mā’), Paradise (jannah), provision (al-rizq), and cosmic order (al-kawn). Diachronically, its meaning evolves from a physical necessity to a theological and ethical symbol. This study demonstrates that an-nahr functions as a significant conceptual element within the Qur’anic semantic system, reflecting an integrated worldview of God, humanity, and nature.